Im Jaeyeong

1. Summarize Globalization, according to Robertson and White, is a complex and multidimensional process that refers to increasing connectivity and awareness among societies, cultures, economies; individuals worldwide. The authors emphasize that globalization is an "essentially contested concept," meaning there is no single, universally accepted definition, and its meaning varies across disciplines and worldviews. Historically, globalization is not a sudden phenomenon but the latest phase in a long process of human integration shaped by economic, political, cultural, and social dimensions. The authors highlight that globalization is not just about economic integration or the spread of capitalism but also involves cultural exchange, political changes, and the transformation of social interactions. They introduce the idea of "glocalization," describing how global processes are adapted to local contexts, and stress that globalization is shaped by both global and local f...